Some cool Europe images:
The heart of Europe, this is Luxembourg - Wonderful captured and beautiful seen and visited plus the wish to see much more in the future!=D:) ENJOY!:)
Image by UggBoy♥UggGirl [ PHOTO : WORLD : SENSE ]
The recorded history of Luxembourg begins with the acquisition of Lucilinburhuc[6] (today Luxembourg Castle) by Siegfried, Count of Ardennes in 963. Around this fort, a town gradually developed, which became the centre of a small state of great strategic value. In the 14th and early 15th centuries three members of the House of Luxembourg reigned as Holy Roman Emperors. In 1437, the House of Luxembourg suffered a succession crisis, precipitated by the lack of a male heir to assume the throne, which led to the territory being sold to Philip the Good of Burgundy.[7]
In the following centuries, Luxembourg's fortress was steadily enlarged and strengthened by its successive occupants, the Bourbons, Habsburgs, Hohenzollerns, and the French, among others. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, Luxembourg was disputed between Prussia and the Netherlands. The Congress of Vienna formed Luxembourg as a Grand Duchy in personal union with the Netherlands. Luxembourg also became a member of the German Confederation, with a Confederate fortress manned by Prussian troops.[8]
The Belgian Revolution of 1830â€"1839 reduced Luxembourg's territory by more than half, as the predominantly francophone western part of the country was transferred to Belgium. Luxembourg's independence was reaffirmed by the 1839 First Treaty of London. In the same year, Luxembourg joined the Zollverein.[9] Luxembourg's independence and neutrality were again affirmed by the 1867 Second Treaty of London, after the Luxembourg Crisis nearly led to war between Prussia and France.[10] After the latter conflict, the Confederate fortress was dismantled.[11]
The King of the Netherlands remained Head of State as Grand Duke of Luxembourg, maintaining personal union between the two countries until 1890. At the death of William III, the Dutch throne passed to his daughter Wilhelmina, while Luxembourg (at that time restricted to male heirs by the Nassau Family Pact) passed to Adolph of Nassau-Weilburg.[12]
Luxembourg was invaded and occupied by Germany during the First World War, but was allowed to maintain its independence and political mechanisms. It was again invaded and subject to German occupation in the Second World War in 1940, and was formally annexed into the Third Reich in 1942.
During World War II, Luxembourg abandoned its policy of neutrality, when it joined the Allies in fighting Germany. Its government, exiled to London, set up a small group of volunteers who participated in the Normandy invasion. It became a founding member of the United Nations in 1946, and of NATO in 1949. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and, in 1999, it joined the euro currency area. In 2005, a referendum on the EU treaty establishing a constitution for Europe was held in Luxembourg.
Europe District hosts Advancing Minorities' Interest in Engineering students
Image by USACE Europe District
On June 7, 2010, seven students from various Historically Black Colleges and Universities converged on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Europe District to increase their practical knowledge of engineering. The students are participating in the Advancing Minorities’ Interest in Engineering Program hosted each summer by the district. Elaine Lawson, program coordinator for the district and a board of engineers and architects reviewed 35 applications and selected this year’s participants. Pictured at the Amelia Earhart Center are Lawson, Rikita Bonner from Tennessee State University; Joanna Smith, Morgan State University; Tariq Walker, N.C. A&T State University (back, left); Lore’al Spear, TSU; Brandon Randolph, MSU; Annette Johnson, program assistant, Kyle O’Connor, MSU; and Aaron Williams of TSU (not pictured). According to its website, AMIE is a non-profit organization that is designed to expand the workforce and academic alliance to implement programs to attract, educate, graduate and place minority students in engineering careers. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Europe District photo by Carol E. Davis)
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